The submersibles I choose are  Deep Worker and Clelia. The Deepworker can reach depths as far as 2,000 ft or 600 meters. So far, Deepworker has completed many tasks including research with pictures and the ability to research deeper in the ocean. Deepworker can do these things becauseof how it was built. It has great life support and speed and can reach a deep depth. its lightweight size has a beam that allows for better research.

Clelia- Reaches depth of 1000 feet. It is used when low visibility is occuring. The Celia is built for ocean studies when low visability occurs.

The two rov’s i choose are ropo and rov Jason. Rov ROPO has a depth of about 5000 meters. ROPO has completed many task such as deep diving research. The structure how it was built allows for maximum research effectiveness on each and every dive.

Rov Jason has depths of 6500 meters. Rov Jason has completed many tasks for example, 253 dives with 4683 hours on the bottom. The longest dive by Jason made lasted 117 hours.  Its construction allows for seafloor research and many hours underwater with its safe oxygen.

Alvin

•  Looks Like   And The Depth Is 14,764 ft
•  What It is used for  biological, chemical studies etc.
•  The Alvin Is Built this way because its  strong and it holds cameras and videos on the outside of it.. to see the  fish or what ever they are researching

The Clelia

•  This Is What It Looks Like Has The Depth Of 1,000 Ft
•  The Clelia  Was Used For mid water obervations
• The Clelia is built this way  so they can do obervations under water and to collect data from other organisms under the water
•  

The Deep Worker

• The Deepworker looks likeWith A deoth greater than 2,000ft
• The Deepworker is used  to go deep under water.
• It is build this way so they can explore whats deep down in the ocean

The Johnson Sea -Link

• The Johnson Sea Link Looks Like This With The Depth Of 3,000ft
• The Johnson Sea Link Is Used For under water archeological  Missions
• it is built this way so they can make observations under water and collect samples of different things.

  Mir I and Mir II

• A: Looks like—>Deth Range is 20,00ft
• B: Used for allowing scientists to observe the deep sea through multiple view ports, video records, instrument placement, sample collecting, and environmental monitoring.
• C: Their large propellers allow them to travel at good speed.

The Pisces V and Pisces IV

• A:Looks like—>Depth Range is 6,280ft
• B:Use for the same reasons as Mirs. 
• C: They are launced and recovered by a specialiozed A-Frame

•  A:Looks like—>Depth Range is 21,385
• B: Used for scientific investigation of the deep ocean and seafloor.
• C: Uses a tow cable to rise and sink into the ocean.

• A: Looks Like—> Depth Range 4,000 meters
• B: Used specifically for scientific exploration of the deep sea.
• C: Uses ROV camera to record data.

The submerisbles I chose were the Alvin and the Deepworker. The Alvin is the object in the picture on the side of this paragraph. It can reach depths as far as 14,764ft.  So far the Alvin has completed tasks like locating human artifacts. Alvin can do these things bacause of how it is built. It has titanium plates for its outer shell with aloows it to withstand the pressure of deepsea.

The Deepworker looks like the picture on the side of this paragraph.  It can reach depths of 2,000ft. So far Deepworker has completed tasks including helping scientists to look more closely at sea life and for a longer period of time. Deepworker can do these things because of how it was built. It has a 38″ steel sphere that helps allow the scientists see the marine life through it. 

The Rovs I chose were the Hercules and Jason. Hercules look like the picture on the bottom of this paragraph. It can reach depths as far as 2.5 miles. So far, Hercules has completed many tasks including picking up specimens from deep in the ocean that humans could not reach. Hercules can do these things because of how it is built. It has an array of cameras which allows it to see organisms in there natural habitat.

The other ROV that I chose was the Jason. Jason looks like the picture on the bottom of this paragraph and can reach depths as far as 21,385 ft. So far, Jason has completed many tasks including obtaining samples of substances usually unreachable for humans. Jason can do these things because of the way it is built. It has 6 DC brushless electronic thrusters which allow it to dive deep into the ocean.

Overall real submersibles work because they are able to descnd and ascend due to the water chambers that they have which they use to take in water to sink and release water to ascend. So overall that is how submersibles work.

 ALVIN

A. alvin is shaped lik a boat  with a black thing on top and his depth is 14,764 ft.

B.carries passengers mmost of the time a pilot and two observers.

C.he is built to stand the pressure of the ocean.

CLEILA

A. she is yellow with a window in the front. celicla also has a frame around it, im thinking to protect it.she is 1000ft in depth range.

B.clelia is built to “adress the needs of scientific shallow water”.

C. the structure is built for the polite to visibally see the ocean, divers as well. 

                                                             ROV’S

JASON

A. jason looks to be the shape of a square, its yellow and bluee on the top and a bunch of wires on the botton,

B. jason is use to study the seafloor and the deep ocean.

C. the structure suites its purpose because it looks as if it can ride on the seafloor and the wires show that it is remotelly activated.

ROV-105

A. looks lik a ceilender, white.

B.  its used for deep water operations.

C. its round and flat at the bottom so i kno it has something at the bottom to go on the seafloor.

The Mir I and II

• It looks like

              It can dive down to depths up to 6,000 meters which is the second deepest that a submersible can dive.

• It is used for the deepest diving and scientific research. It was and still is also used in the Titanic and also used for IMAX videos and movies.
• It structure is perfect because it has a bullet shaped body which can maneuver through rough things if needed. It also is mad of 5-cm-thick combinations of steel and nickle.  It is built this way because it has to dive so deep, and has to keep the pressure out so everyone stays safe in the submersible.

The Pisces V

• It looks like

            It can dive down to depths up to 2,000 meters deep.

• It is mainly used for the waters around the Hawaiian Islands, and banks and sea mounts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is used to research fish and other marine life.
• It structure suits it by it can move around and grab things with its arms. Also it moves at a decent speed of 2 knots to be suck a big submersible. It is built this way so it can research Hawaiian marine life.

 Tiburon

• It looks like

             It can dive down up to 4,000 meters deep.

• It is used for only deep sea diving, going under suck things as volcanoes, and deep sea hydrothermal vents.
• Its structure suits its functions by it is not that big and is able to stay very quiet with floating around things. It is built this way because it was only going to be used for very deep depths of the ocean.

RCV-150

• It looks like

              It can dive down to depths up to 914 meters

• It is mainly used to view bottom fish in Hawaii.
• Its structure suits its functions by it is very small and can basically maneuver through anything, while it can also view every nook and crannie around it. It was built like this so it can get anywhere that they wanted to look at the depths that they go.

5.    Real submersibles work by a person being in the submersible and controlling it, or someone being on the ship, where the submersible is dropped down, and controlling it from a control panel on board. These things are built with thick structures most the time, because of the depths that these things can reach. They are able to reach out and grab certain marine things, can capture video and still photos of the marine life, and many more things that is so useful for today’s life. These are probably one of the most useful things to modern day science, because if it wasn’t for submersibles we wouldn’t even know about the depths of the waters.

Manatee’s

By:Lakhira Wright

A-Inspiration: I chose the manatee because its interesting features. It reminds me of a dog. It fascinates me that how it looks just like a Pit Bull in the face and a fish with its tail that resembles the tail fin, and the arms that resembles a fish’s fins on each side of its body to help it swim.

B-Habitat: Manatees live all over the place. They can be  found in warm tropical waters and subtropical waters. They migrate from virginia to florida. They migrating in the spring.

C-Predation: Manatees eat veggies. They have a huge varity of food. Manatees eat all kinds of vegatation. They eat manatee grass, turtle grass, sea grass, shoal grass, different species of algae and water hyacinths. They eat everything except for meat, but the only algae they dont eat is blue-green algae because it has natural toxins in it.

Manatee Grass

Turtle Grass

Seagrass

A Manatee Feeding

D. Prey: Large predators such large sharks (Great Whites), Alligators, Crocodiles, and killer wales prey on Manatees.

A Great White. Doesn’t He Look Scary??? RARRRR!

Alligator

Crocodiles

Killer Whale

E. Reproduction: A Manatees gestation period is about one year.

-Internal/External Developement: Male (bulls) are sexually mature by about nine to ten years of age. Some may have produced viable sperm at 2 to 3 years of age. Female Manatees (Cows) are sexually mature as young as 3 years of age. Female manatees are usually larger than males. The females genital opening is located just in front of the anus. Two additional ways to identify a female is the presensce of a suckling calf, or an extremely round appearance during pregnancy. The males genital opening lies behind the umbilious navel, about midway down the underside of the body.

Male & Female

F. Special Adaptions: Their flexible front limbs are used to steer while swimming and holding food. Their body ends with a large paddle shaped tail that creakes strong swimming strokes. They use their tail to push them through the water, usually they move along 3 to 5 miles per hour but they move even faster when frightened. Manatees dont have teeth they have marching molars like elephants. They have 4 sets of 6 to 8 molars that help them eat fibrous plants and sand.

Manatee Molars!

G. Conservation: Manatees are endangered because of pesticides and motor boats. 1,000 to 2,000 sailors kill manatees for food. Manatees also get ran over from speeding boats.The efforts that can be made to maintain healthy populations is by posting speed limits for boats, and in some places the boats shouldn’t be aloud.

Ingury from boat

H. Classification: Kingdom-Animalia, Phylum-Chordata, Class-Mammalia, Order-Sirenia, Family-Trichechidae, Genus-Trichechus, Species- Trichechus Manatus, Subspecies-Trichechus Manatus Latirostris

A. Inspiration- The reason we chose this animal is because it is very fascinating. It is the top predator in the ocean and naturally a great hunter. The Great White Sharks looks very inimadating and I always want ot learn about it.

B. Habitat- live in coastal and offshore waters off continental shelf. May wander into bays and harbours and live around oceanic islands. Can range from surface water to depths as deep as 1280 meters. They cna be found in the coast lines from California to Alaska, east coast and gulf coast of USA, HAwaii, South America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Meditarranian Sea, Japan and eastcoast of China to Russia.

Predation- White sharks are predatory animals that begin  by feeding on fish, rays, and other sharks. When they grow,  they switch to feeding on marine mammals and scavenging on large animal carcasses. Their first prey are usually the small harbor seal, but as the sharks increase size they can eat more. They become large enough to eat sea lions, elephant seals, and small toothed whales. When they attack, it consists of a swift, surprise attack from below, inflicting a  potentially fatal bite. The prey usually dies from massive trauma or blood loss.  Large white sharks will also scavenge on the carcasses of whale sharks and on the fat-rich blubber layer of dead whales. They will occasionally feed on sea turtles and sea otters.  Sometimes they attack, but not eat, humans.

Prey- Sharks are at the top of the food chain. They have no animals to worry about eating them. Their only concern is humans. They’re the top hunter in the ocean and may only be eating by each other.

Reproduction-Great white sharks are ovoviviparous, meaninig the eggs develope and hatch inside the shark and continue to develope until birth. Sharks have an 11 month gestation period.  Sharks are said to reach sexual maturity around the age of 15, a sharks estimated life span is about 30 years. Shark pups develope strong jaws within the first month of being born.

Special Adaptations- Great White’s can grow to 20 feet and be about 5000 pounds. This gives them an advantage over most animals. They are also composed of cartilage which gives them flexability and great speed. The sharks have very sharp teeth to add to a very powerful jaw. It is very hard for prey to escape them. They have an amazing sense of smell and can detect electrical fields of their prey, ampullae of Lorenzini. The charges that prey give off are sensed by the great white and makes them have incredible speed and accuracy during attacks. They can detect a small amount of blood in water from up to 5km away. Their color also provides them with camoflauge.

We decided to do our final project on the Killer whale, we chose this animal because we like the color combination and designs also the fact that its a whale that kills things and runs the ocean including the shark. 

The Orca (orcinus orca) or “Killer whale” belongs to the dolphin family in Phylum Chordata,that are toothed whales (Suborder Odontoceti), it is the largest of the dolphins. The orca feeds on seals, sea lions and even young blue whales.

They are commonly known to grab sea lions right off the ice. The orcas body is a killer tank designed for speed and power to capture its prey, Its Fluke is long and wide to get more poower and speed to attack its prey.

The orca also has a dorsal fin that is tall and thin to enable the large mammal to move swiftly through the water. The orcas teeth can grow to be 4 inches long and can swim up 30 mph. The killer whale is prey to no one except for humans. Orcas breath air through a  blowhole located near the top of the head.

They live in small pods of 6-40 whales, these pods live and hunt together like a family protecting the young old and sick whales. the whales inhabit any ocean/sea enviroment from the arctic to the tropic waters represented in this picture… The female orca gives birth to a single calf every 6-10years after a 17 month pregnancy. Within a half hour of birth the newly born young calf can swim. During growth periods it has been known for newly born calves to eat 10% of there body wheight per day..Recently the killer whale has had its name in the headlines in a very negitive manner, there have been reported incidents where captivated killer whales have been killing whale trainers in sea world and water parks. The water parks have closed there shows and state they are freak accidents, this is not true because the killer whale is actually very aggressive and they should not be captivated.

Whales have no predators other than humans which are responsible for killing the whales not only by hunting them but they also pollute the ocaens with oil spills and garbage. Though efforts have been increased to help save the whales and clean the ocean.

The Viperfish

Inspiration- My inspiration for chossen this fish is

Habitat-The viper fish inhabits in the sea at depths between 457.2 to 2743.2 m (1500.0 to 9000.0 ft). Viper fish are known to migrate vertically throughout the day. During daytime hours they are found in deep water down to 5000 feet. At night they travel up onto shallower waters at depths of less than 2000 feet in search of food.

predation-viper fish are known to eat crustaceans such as shrimp, squid, and hermit crabs. They are also known to eat anchovies, mackerel, and other little fish.

Prey-Dragonfish are a common predator of viperfish.

Reproduction-The reproductive habits of the viperfish are unknown.  Viperfish larvae look some what like the larval form of of eels. They are about 6mm in length when they hatch from the egg. The length of time it takes for the viperfish to fully develop is unknown. Internal/External Unknown. viperfish come in shades of blue, green, black, and silver. They have an adipose fin and a split caudal fin, the dorsal fin is located just behind the head and Most of the fins contain a soft fin.

Special Adaptation-The viperfish has a really big mouth with long fang-like teeth, that do not fit inside its mouth, instead they curve back very close to the fish’s eyes. The viper is thought to use these sharp teeth to impale its victims by swimming at them at high speeds. Vipers have a hinged skull which can be rotated up for swallowing large prey. They also have large stomachs, which can expand up to twice its normal size, that allow them to stock up on food when ever it is plentiful. It has has a long dorsal spine that is tipped with a photophore, a light-producing organ it uses this light organ to attract its prey by flashing it on and off, it can be used like a fishing lure to attract smaller fish. They have been known to hang motionless in the water, waving their lures over their heads to attract their meals. In the dark, other fish can’t see the viperfish’s fanglike teeth its mouth is like an unseen trap. since there is hardly any food the viperfish  has a low BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) on account of they only eat once every 12 days.

Conservation- Viperfish are not threatened or endangered.

Classification- Chauliofus sloani